In the government and public sector, central and local governments are responsible for managing public affairs, formulating policies and providing services to citizens.

They should ensure that public resources are used efficiently and transparently, and that decisions taken reflect the public interest.

Regulatory authorities oversee and regulate various sectors to ensure compliance with laws and ethical standards, while international and regional organizations provide guidance and support to strengthen governance.

Civil society and the media act as "counter-power" by monitoring abuses, while businesses should promote ethical business practices.

Academic institutions and auditors provide their expertise to inform policy-makers and assess compliance with established standards, thereby helping to promote transparency and combat corruption.